Как правильно понимать дхату

кхеминда · Зарегистрирован: 06.03.2019 Суждений: 451

Дхату - 18 штук, частей, на которые делится все, что воспринимается. В словаре это слово означает "частица", и в то же время "элемент", и в то же время "сокровище, которое хранится в чайтье". Как следует правильно понимать это слово, как подобрать правильное русское слово, чтобы оно объединяло все эти значения?

Raudex

dhātu: 'elements', are the ultimate constituents of a whole.

(1) The 4 physical elements (dhātu or Mahā-bhūta), popularly called earth, water, fire and wind, are to be understood as the primary qualities of matter. They are named in Pāḷi: paṭhavī-dhātu, āpo-dhātu, tejo-dhātu, and vāyo-dhātu. In Vis.M. XI, 2 the four elements are defined thus: "Whatever is characterized by hardness (thaddha-lakkkhaṇa) is the earth or solid-element; by cohesion (ābandhana ) or fluidity, the water-element; by heating (paripācana), the fire or heat-element; by strengthening or supporting (vitthambhana), the wind or motion-element. All four are present in every material object, though in varying degrees of strength. If, for instance, the earth element predominates, the material object is called 'solid', etc. - For the analysis of the 4 elements, s. dhātu-vavatthāna.

(II) The 18 physical and mental elements that constitute the conditions or foundations of the process of perception, are:

1. visual organ (eye) 9. gustative object

2. auditory organ (ear) 10. body-impression

3. olfactory organ (nose) 11. eye-consciousness

4. gustatory organ (tongue) 12. ear-consciousness

5. tactile organ (body) 13. nose-consciousness

6. visible object 14. tongue-consciousness

7. sound or audible object 15. body-consciousness

8. odour or olfactive object

16. mind-element 17. mind-object

(mano-dhātu) (dhamma-dhātu)

18. mind-consciousness-element

(mano-viññāṇa-dhātu)

1-10 are physical; 11-16 and 18 are mental; 17 may be either physical or mental. - 16 performs the function of advertence (āvajjana) towards the object at the inception of a process of sensuous consciousness; it further performs the function of receiving (sampaṭicchana) the sensuous object. 18 performs, e.g., the function of investigation (santīraṇa), determining (voṭṭhapana) and registering (tadārammaṇa) - (for its other functions, s. Table I). For the 14 functions of consciousness, s. viññāṇa-kicca.

Cf. M. 115; S. XIV and especially Vibh. II (Guide p. 28f), Vis.M. XV, 17ff.

Of the many further groupings of elements (enumerated in M. 115), the best known is that of the 3 world-elements: the sensuous world (kāma-dhātu), the fine-material world (rūpa-dhātu), the immaterial world (arūpa-dhātu); further the sixfold group: the solid, liquid, heat, motion, space, consciousness (paṭhavī, āpo, tejo, vāyo, ākāsa, viññāṇa; s. above I), described in M. 140; see also M. 112.

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как понимать термин авиджа-дхату? кама-дхату ...

кхеминда · Зарегистрирован: 06.03.2019 Суждений: 451

Элементы невежества и сферы чувств упоминаются в следующих суттах
http://www.theravada.ru/Teaching/Canon/Suttanta/Texts/mn115-bahudhatuka-sutta-sv.htm
http://www.theravada.ru/Teaching/Canon/Suttanta/Texts/sn14_13-ginjakavasatha-sutta-sv.htm
http://www.theravada.ru/Teaching/Canon/Suttanta/Texts/sn22_47-samanupassana-sutta-sv.htm